Project Chanology was a series of protests and digital attacks launched by the internet collective Anonymous against the Church of Scientology in early 2008. Spurred by the church's attempts to remove a leaked video featuring Tom Cruise, the movement marked a pivotal shift for Anonymous from simple internet pranksters to global hacktivists. The meme culture surrounding the event popularized the Guy Fawkes mask as a symbol of online anonymity and defiance. Today, these templates are frequently used to evoke themes of digital resistance, collective action, and the power of the internet to challenge powerful institutions.